byFrijo Johnsonof
Davinci's Men of Accubits
Explore our evergrowing list of publications and blog posts. The list includes White Papers (WP), Research Articles (RA), Review Papers (RP) and Book Chapters (BC) authored by our resident experts in multiple domains.
Sidharth Selvin
White paper, 17 April 2024
VOC sensors play a pivotal role in modern winemaking, enabling real-time monitoring and control of volatile compounds like methanol and ethanol. By maintaining the delicate balance of these compounds, VOC sensors help preserve the desired flavor and aroma profiles, ensuring consistently high-quality wines. Beyond quality, these sensors also safeguard consumer safety by detecting potentially harmful levels of methanol. As winemaking evolves, integrating VOC sensors with AI and machine learning promises further advancements in predictive analytics and quality assurance, solidifying the wine industry's commitment to innovation and excellence.
Keywords: VOCs, Winemaking Quality Control, Methanol and Ethanol Monitoring, Sensor-Driven Predictive Analytics, Consumer Safety and Satisfaction.
KMA Kumar, T Kokulnathan, TJ Wang, AJ Anthuvan, KJ Chen, YH Chang
Research Article, 02 April 2024
Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive method used in diverse research areas like environmental monitoring, molecular diagnosis, and food safety. The study introduces a promising α-Fe2O3-SFs/Ag nanocomposite, synthesized through a green photoreduction technique, which exhibits exceptional SERS activity. This substrate enables ultra-sensitive detection of antibiotic nitrofurazone (NFZ) with an extremely low limit of detection of 3.12 × 10–14 M, the utmost enhancement factor of 3.08 × 1012, satisfactory uniformity and high reproducibility. The findings suggest that this strategy could significantly enhance SERS-based detection techniques, particularly for trace analysis in real-life scenarios.
Keywords: Semiconductor/noble-metal nanocomposite; α-Fe2O3 snowflakes; α-Fe2O3-SFs/Ag nanocomposite; Nitrofurazone.
Gayathri S. S.
White paper, 11 March 2024
Plants use volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to communicate with their environment, signaling stress, defense mechanisms, and overall health. VOC detection sensors are crucial in agriculture, enabling early pest and disease identification, monitoring plant stress, and optimizing crop quality and yield. These sensors can track VOC profiles to provide real-time insights into plant physiology, facilitating proactive interventions. Beyond agriculture, VOC sensors contribute to precision farming, environmental monitoring, and ecosystem assessment. Continued research and development of advanced VOC sensors are crucial for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.
Keywords: VOCs, Plant Communication, Pest and Disease Detection, Precision Agriculture, Sustainable Farming.
T Kokulnathan, KMA Kumar, TJ Wang, EA Kumar, AJ Anthuvan, KJ Chen, YY Liang
Research Article, 22 February 2024
A robust surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor was developed by coupling silver nanospheres (Ag NSs) and cobalt-iron layered double hydroxides (CoFe-LDHs). The Ag-NSs/CoFe-LDHs nanocomposite exhibits superior SERS performance for 4-nitrophenol detection, with an ultralow detection limit of 2.36 × 10−14 M and a high enhancement factor of 5.65 × 1011. The exceptional Raman signal enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect of the electromagnetic mechanism from Ag NSs and the charge transfer mechanism from CoFe-LDHs. The SERS substrate demonstrates excellent uniformity, reproducibility, and stability, making it suitable for real-world environmental sample analysis.
Keywords: SERS, Silver Nanospheres, CoFe-LDHs, 4-Nitrophenol Detection, Nanocomposite.
Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 14 February 2024
Volatile detection sensors are vital for monitoring in-vehicle air quality, which can impact driver health and safety. These sensors detect harmful gases like CO, CO2, NO2, and VOCs, enabling real-time adjustments to HVAC systems and alerts for passengers. Sensors also play a crucial role in detecting fuel vapors, ensuring emission compliance and safety. Key challenges include sensor sensitivity and miniaturization, but future developments promise more accurate and reliable volatile detection in transportation. This technology contributes to healthier, safer, and more sustainable transportation solutions.
Keywords: In-vehicle Air Quality, Volatile Detection Sensors, Fuel Vapor Detection, Transportation Safety, Emission Compliance.
Allen J. A.
White paper, 16 January 2024
Volatile sensors in agriculture detect plant volatiles, pheromones, pests, and pesticides, enabling early pest detection, reduced chemical pesticide use, improved crop health, and compliance with safety standards. Challenges include affordability, improved sensitivity, and data analytics integration. Successful case studies demonstrate the technology's potential in grapevine moth management and optimizing tomato quality. Collaborative efforts between researchers and farmers are crucial for effective adoption.
Keywords: Volatile Sensors, Precision Agriculture, Pest Management, Sustainable Farming, Crop Quality.
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair.
White paper, 20 December 2023
Chitin, a natural biomaterial, is transforming 3D printing through its unique properties and sustainability. From modifiers enhancing bioink printability to fillers improving mechanical strength, nano-chitin is spurring material innovation. This biodegradable, recyclable substance allows large-scale printing of intricate, multi-density structures. Chitin-based materials also enable advanced applications like recyclable water filters. Blending science and nature, chitin is pioneering a new era of eco-friendly 3D printing. Let this renewable resource spark your curiosity in the frontier of sustainable manufacturing.
Keywords: Nano-structure, Chitin, 3D printing, crustacean shell, nano chitin, Bioink.
Nidhin Sreekumar
White paper, 13 December 2023
Indoor air quality monitoring using VOC sensors is crucial to detect pollutants and mitigate health risks. VOCs originate from building materials, household products. Historical incidents like formaldehyde in mobile homes and Sick Building Syndrome underscore the need for proactive air quality measures. VOC sensors provide real-time data by detecting VOCs through mechanisms like metal oxide reactions and photoionization. Challenges include improving sensitivity to low concentrations, selectivity across diverse VOCs, and minimizing cross-sensitivity. Enhanced sensor technology is essential for accurate, comprehensive evaluations of indoor pollution levels, enabling early intervention.
Keywords: VOC sensors, Indoor air quality, Sensitivity, Selectivity, Health risks.
Allen J. A.
White paper, 28 November 2023
Unlock the future of battery safety with the revolutionary Voltrac - VOC Sensors. As lithium-ion batteries power our daily essentials, the specter of thermal runaway looms large, threatening explosions and fires. Dive into the article to explore the hazards, causes, and historical incidents surrounding this crucial issue. Discover the game-changing role of Voltrac sensors, offering early warnings and real-time monitoring to prevent and mitigate thermal runaway risks. From electric vehicles to battery storage facilities, Voltrac sensors redefine safety protocols, ensuring a reliable, hazard-free future in battery-powered applications. Download now for a safer tomorrow.
Keywords: Battery Safety, EVs, Lithium Ion.
Jyothi B Nair, Lekshmi C Nair
White paper, 30 October 2023
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing biotechnology and chemistry, enabling accelerated research and customized solutions. However, it also poses ethical and social challenges regarding data privacy, bias, and responsibility. This analysis explores AI's transformative impact on drug discovery, material science, and business opportunities in biotech startups. While AI unlocks immense potential, responsible development and deployment are crucial. Come delve into the frontier where AI intersects with biotech and chemistry, as we chart an ethical path towards scientific innovation for societal benefit.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Industry, entrepreneurship, Drug Discovery, Biotechnology.
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 10 October 2023
Explore the vital role of volatile gas detection in modern defense and security. From thwarting terrorism to preventing chemical warfare, gas sensors are indispensable. This article delves into their deployment in protecting military personnel, securing critical infrastructure, and integrating with unmanned devices. Additionally, it highlights the versatility of gas sensors in explosive, narcotics, and contraband detection across crucial domains such as aviation security, law enforcement, and public transportation. Continuous innovation is emphasized to counter evolving threats, making this a must-read for those at the forefront of security technology. Download now for a deep dive into cutting-edge defense strategies.
Keywords: National Defence, Safety, Security, Anti-terrorism.
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 30 September 2023
Multi-omics integration (MOI) combines diverse datasets to reveal biological insights. This review outlines a 3-tier MOI framework spanning statistical associations, pathway mapping, and mathematical modeling. Element-based techniques like clustering reveal expression patterns. Pathway mapping aligns omics data and reconstructs networks. Advanced methods use differential equations to quantitatively model plant systems. Despite software tools, MOI has challenges including data disparities and skill requirements. Enhancing gene annotations and developing user-friendly algorithms can improve integration. Overall, this systematic MOI approach from basic correlation to predictive genome-scale models provides a valuable guide for plant systems biology.
Keywords: Multiomics, Clustering Analysis, Pathway Mapping, Genome-Scale Analysis.
Shilpa S
White paper, 18 September 2023
Bacterial cellulose (BC) shows promise as a renewable and biodegradable material for food packaging. This review discusses BC's advantages over plant cellulose including higher purity and water holding capacity. BC can be cultivated in situ to impart natural flavors and colors from fruit syrups. Applications in foods include the dessert nata de coco, the fermented tea kombucha, and as a multifunctional low-calorie thickener and stabilizer. BC reduced blood cholesterol in rats, suggesting utility for developing foods with lowered cholesterol. The review also examines BC's beneficial effects on food rheology and its potential to replace synthetic packaging films that are not biodegradable.
Keywords: Cellulose, food packaging,food industry.
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 13 September 2023
Volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors have diverse applications in healthcare and medicine. VOCs in breath, bodily fluids and air can serve as biomarkers for cancer detection, infectious disease diagnosis, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and respiratory illness, assessing wound healing, enabling infection control, evaluating drug efficacy and continuous patient monitoring. VOC tracking provides real-time health data for precision care and early intervention. As sensor technology improves, innovative VOC detection methods will continue transforming healthcare by providing insights into disease, optimizing treatments and improving patient outcomes through personalized care.
Keywords: VOC sensors, Healthcare, Disease diagnosis, Patient monitoring, Personalized care
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 18 August 2023
This review discusses strategies for increasing seed oil content and optimizing fatty acid composition via metabolic engineering of oilseed crops. It emphasizes using 13C-metabolic flux analysis to identify bottlenecks and guide genetic manipulations. Approaches include pushing carbon flux into fatty acid synthesis, pulling acyl chains into triacylglycerol assembly, enhancing lipid droplet packaging, and protecting triacylglycerols from breakdown. Combining interventions that overexpression transcription factors with enzymes has boosted oil levels up to 48% in some species. However, strategies must be tailored to species-specific pathways revealed by flux studies. Advanced genome editing tools like CRISPR offer opportunities to further optimize seed oil quality and content.
Keywords: Oil crop, oil seed, plant embryo, fatty acid elongase complex, metabolic engineering, Carbon conversion efficiency.
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 16 August 2023
Industrial accidents endanger workers and environments. Advanced gas detection systems are transforming safety protocols by continuously monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These systems identify hazards before dangerous thresholds are reached, triggering automated safety measures like equipment shutdowns. By integrating real-time VOC data into decision-making, industries can boost compliance, preempt accidents through early interventions, and protect workers more effectively. As industrial sustainability grows in importance, volatile tracking has become indispensable - allowing uninterrupted operations while minimizing risks. This shield guarding against unseen threats promises safer, cleaner and more responsible industrial practices.
Keywords: Personal Protection, Workplace safety, Industrial Safety.
Gayathri S.S, Aswin Mohan, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 01 August 2023
Nanopore sequencing and nanotechnology are revolutionizing genomics. This cutting-edge technology enables real-time, portable DNA/RNA sequencing, providing rapid insights into biology and disease. Applications range from improving reference genomes to detecting pathogens during outbreaks. While error rates are still a limitation, ongoing enhancements promise exciting advances. Compatibility with mobile labs allows on-site, in-field analysis globally. As nanopore sequencing becomes faster, cheaper and more accurate, its transformative impact across scientific disciplines will grow, accelerating discoveries to benefit society. This article explores the intersection of nanotechnology and genomics through nanopore sequencing's current applications and future directions.
Keywords: Galleria mellonella, PE, Gut microbiota, Long-chain hydrocarbons, Salivary glands.
Shahanas Naisam, Raji Krishna R, Aswin Mohan
White paper, 31 July 2023
Rising methane emissions from cattle pose an escalating threat, trapping heat and accelerating climate change 25 times more potently than carbon dioxide. This review explores enteric fermentation mechanisms underlying cattle methane release and surveys mitigation approaches, encompassing dietary changes, microbiome and probiotic manipulation, breeding innovations and more. Economic and policy perspectives provide additional context. With animal agriculture essential yet emissions expected to rise 50% by 2030, sustainable solutions balancing productivity, profitability and environmental stewardship are urgently needed. Multiple promising options emerge, but fully tackling this pressing challenge demands committed, multifaceted efforts from diverse stakeholders across the agricultural landscape.
Keywords: Methane emission, Cattle Farming, Climate changes, Global warming, Mitigation, stratergies, Economic implications.
Jyothi B Nair, Lekshmi C Nair
White paper, 30 July 2023
Exosomes, tiny vesicles secreted by cells, show great promise as disease biomarkers and therapeutic delivery vehicles. However, their compositional intricacies challenge comprehension of their functional diversity. By enhancing Raman signals, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enables scrutinizing exosomes’ molecular makeup with unprecedented precision. SERS reveals exosome heterogeneity and specialized subpopulations implicated in processes like tumorigenesis. Moreover, SERS-aided tracking of exosome movement unravels their roles in metastasis. SERS also identifies disease-specific exosomal biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and personalized treatments. Ultimately, SERS illuminates new diagnostic and therapeutic frontiers, providing pivotal insights into exosome involvement in intercellular communication and disease.
Keywords: Exosome, Biomarker, SERS.
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 15 July 2023
Invasive fungal infections pose a serious global health threat, requiring urgent research to uncover sophisticated immune evasion strategies that enable fungal survival and pathogenesis. This analysis spotlights intricate host-pathogen interactions, highlighted by Aspergillus fumigatus hijacking human proteins like p11 to keep phagosomes immature, evading immune detection. Identifying genetic factors influencing infection susceptibility and elucidating therapies targeting virulence mechanisms signal promise. Ongoing investigations fostering translational partnerships to disrupt fungal stealth mechanisms offer hope against antifungal resistance and morbidity. Ultimately, illuminating the complex dynamics underpinning fungal adaptation and immunomodulation is imperative to inform innovative diagnostics and therapeutics.
Keywords: Pathogen, Immunity, immune response, immune evasion, fungal metabolism, fungal adaptation.
Allen J. A.
White paper, 12 July 2023
The decay of perishable foods like meat and fish is driven by microbes that release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during spoilage. Tracking these VOCs enables assessment of food freshness and safety. Bacteria and fungi produce characteristic VOCs like amines, sulfides, aldehydes and ketones. Refrigeration slows microbial activity and VOC production but does not eliminate it entirely. VOC detection allows consumers to select the freshest products, reduce waste, and avoid consuming spoiled items. Sellers can also leverage VOC data for quality control, inventory management, dynamic pricing and building consumer trust. Overall, volatile tracking is a valuable technology for monitoring perishable food safety and freshness.
Keywords: Volatile organic compounds, Food spoilage, Refrigeration, Food safety, Perishable foods
Sidharth Selvin, Aswin Mohan, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 30 June 2023
Machine learning is transforming bioinformatics, enabling analysis of massive biological datasets to unravel complex mechanisms. Techniques like deep learning automate feature extraction, while SVM, RF, and NN algorithms enable advanced tasks like protein structure prediction and disease diagnosis. Applications span sequencing, drug discovery, precision medicine, and more. However, challenges remain regarding model interpretability, data availability, and ethical considerations. As techniques continue advancing, machine learning promises deeper insights into biological systems and accelerated solutions for pressing health and sustainability issues.
Keywords: Machine Learning, Regression analysis, Neural networks, Deep learning.
Nidhin Sreekumar
White paper, 14 June 2023
The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants is vital to understand plant biology and address environmental issues like air pollution. Accurate VOC detection requires complex methods like PTR-MS or GC-MS to quantify and identify compounds. Tomatoes emit specific VOCs indicative of quality, safety, and physiology. Detecting tomato VOCs enables assessment of ripeness, contamination, plant growth status, and response to environmental factors. This aids quality control, agricultural research, and food safety monitoring. Overall, plant VOC detection provides insights into ecology, guides sustainable agriculture, and monitors crop quality.
Keywords: VOC detection, Plant biology, Tomatoes, Food safety, Agriculture.
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair
White paper, 10 June 2023
Neem (Azadirachta indica) is an ancient medicinal plant whose extracts exhibit potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Modern research has uncovered anti-cancer and wound healing potential, alongside utility as a pesticide and male contraceptive. Neem's bioactive compounds like azadirachtin disrupt mitochondrial function in pests, while others stimulate insulin secretion to aid diabetes management. Formulated neem products display sun protection benefits. With applications spanning traditional medicine, pest control, surface coatings, and cosmetics, neem is a multifaceted natural remedy bridging ancient wisdom and modern science. Further exploration can uncover more mechanisms and refine formulations, cementing neem's role as a therapeutic botanic asset.
Keywords: Azadirachta indica,Antimicrobial, pest control, Antioxidant.
Jyothi B Nair , Lekshmi C Nair
White paper, 30 May 2023
Harnessing peptide self-assembly transforms implant design. Mimicking extracellular environments with tunable, biocompatible materials promotes seamless tissue integration. Personalized implants match patient anatomy and physiology, ensuring optimal fit and function. Multifunctional peptide assemblies enable localized therapeutic delivery, real-time monitoring, and targeted cellular responses, accelerating healing. Despite tremendous potential, stability and biocompatibility require improvement prior to clinical translation. Overall, this emerging technology heralds a new generation of smart, integrative implants to enhance patient outcomes.
Keywords: Protein music, sequence-to-protein mapping,Amino acids, Musicality.
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair
White paper, 30 April 2023
This review examines peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, injectability, and tunable properties. These hydrogels mimic the extracellular matrix, enabling cell encapsulation and controlled release of therapeutics. Their nanofibrous networks facilitate nutrient diffusion while providing mechanical stability. Peptide sequences and crosslinking strategies allow customization of degradation, bioactivity, and mechanics. Key applications covered include biosensing, drug delivery, antitumor therapy, and tissue engineering. The potential and limitations of peptide hydrogels are assessed, highlighting recent advances and future outlooks. This versatile class of biomaterials has promising implications across regenerative medicine and nanomedicine.
Keywords: Hydrogels, Biomedical,Drug-delivery, Tissue engineering.
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair
White paper, 30 March 2023
The circular economy aims to maximize resource utilization and minimize waste. Organic chemistry plays a vital role by transforming waste into useful chemicals and materials. Methods include biorefineries that convert organic waste into high-value products like biofuels, and chemical recycling to dissolve waste plastics into feedstocks. Upcycling waste into more valuable materials is also key. Examples include cooking oil into biodiesel, and plastic into carbon nanotubes. Future organic chemistry innovations can further support circularity through green processes, simplified synthesis, new technologies for valorization, life cycle assessments, and multidisciplinary approaches. Implementing circularity principles in chemical design enables a closed-loop industry.
Keywords: Circular economy,Environmental chemistry,Sustainability, Green chemistry.
Navaneeth Subash
White paper, 17 March 2023
Unlock the future of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) diagnosis with cutting-edge research on volatile biomarkers (VOCs). Delve into the realm of non-invasive detection through breath analysis, offering a swift and effective alternative to invasive techniques. Uncover the significance of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and acetic acid as potential CF biomarkers, with HCN demonstrating specificity for patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). This article unveils the promise of breath analysis in assessing lower airway surface liquid biomarkers, emphasizing the urgency of further research for refining CF diagnosis and therapy. Download now to breathe new life into CF detection.
Keywords: Volatile, Breathe, Cystic Fibrosis, Biomarker.
Jyothi B Nair, Lekshmi C Nair
White paper, 27 February 2023
Unlock the potential of early disease diagnosis with label-free Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive analytical technique founded on Sir C.V. Raman's groundbreaking discovery. Delve into the molecular realm without the need for external markers, exploring vibrational and structural fingerprints. This technique proves instrumental in the early detection of various diseases, notably cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes. In cancer diagnosis, it discerns molecular changes preceding visible symptoms, showcasing promise in diverse cancer types. For Alzheimer's, it unravels structural nuances associated with the disease, presenting a non-invasive diagnostic avenue. In diabetes, Raman spectroscopy reveals compositional shifts in blood and urine, offering potential for early detection and intervention. Despite its potential, challenges exist, necessitating further research for clinical integration. Embrace the label-free power of Raman spectroscopy for a transformative leap in early disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, Label-free, Early diagnosis.
Shilpa Soumini, Viji Selvaraj, Shantkriti Srinivasan, Nidhin Sreekumar
Book Chapter, 08 February 2023
Metals like arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead are common contaminants in our environment. At low concentrations they are not toxic but as their levels increase, they become harmful and affect the food chain. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to high metal pollution levels. Being non-biodegradable, metals accumulate and damage the environment and health. Bioremediation using microbes is an effective, eco-friendly, inexpensive treatment compared to other methods. Other options include phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizofiltration. Continuous monitoring and regulation of metal contaminants is critical to understand and minimize their hazardous effects.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Phytoextraction, Industrial waste, Heavy metals, Pollution
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair
White paper, 31 January 2023
With over 7 million annual cancer-related fatalities and a predicted surge to 16 million new cases by 2020, traditional treatments fall short. Peptide-based chemotherapy emerges as a promising solution, utilizing short amino acid chains to specifically target tumor cells, overcoming limitations of conventional approaches. Explore the expanding landscape of peptide drugs, with approximately 60 authorized and numerous candidates in clinical trials. Dive into the realm of peptide vaccines, witnessing breakthroughs like sipuleucel-T for prostate cancer. Anticancer peptides, a novel class inhibiting tumor growth, offer a low-resistance alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Witness the rise of personalized peptide vaccines targeting individual neoantigens, a beacon of hope in cancer treatment's future. Delve into peptide-drug conjugates, a cutting-edge targeted therapy, exemplified by the FDA-approved 177Lu-dotatate for neuroendocrine tumors. Despite challenges, peptides emerge as a transformative force, minimizing toxicity, enhancing specificity, and reshaping the landscape of cancer therapeutics.
Keywords: Peptides vaccines. Anti-cancer peptides, peptide drug conjugates, cancer.
Shahanas Naisam, Aswin Mohan
White paper, 31 January 2023
Uncover the secrets of aging with our article on Sirtuins and Epigenetics! Explore the vital role of SIRT1, a key player in cellular functions and aging processes. From calorie restriction to epigenetic modifications, discover the pathways influencing lifespan and cellular senescence. Download now for a concise, enlightening journey into the intricate world of Sirtuins and epigenetics!
Keywords: Epigenetics, Sirtuin, SIRT1, Aging, Histones, Post-translational modifications.
Shantkriti S, Pradeep M, Unish K K, Viji Das M S, Nidhin Sreekumar, Gugan K, Murugan A
Research Article, 24 January 2023
An aqueous extract of the microalgae Dunaliella salina was used to rapidly synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reducing silver nitrate. The algae extract served as a prompt reducing agent to efficiently produce AgNPs upon contact with silver particles. Analyses including UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR confirmed successful AgNP biosynthesis. SEM showed 35nm sized AgNPs and EDX verified their presence. XRD revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. FTIR identified functional groups in AgNPs. Antibacterial assays using the disc-diffusion method demonstrated potential antibacterial effects of the biosynthesized AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterobacter tobbaci. Overall, this microalgae-mediated green synthesis successfully produced AgNPs with promising antibacterial properties.
Keywords: Dunaliella salina, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), Biosynthesis, Antibacterial activity, Green synthesis
Ebenezer Thaninayagam, R.R. Gopi, H. Joy Prabu, A. Arunviveke, I. Johnson, Allen Joseph Anthuvan, S. John Sundaram, K. Kaviyarasu
Research Article, 17 January 2023
Water pollution is a significant environmental concern, directly impacting human health with 1.8 million deaths reported in 2015, and annually affecting 1 billion people with unsafe water conditions. Dyes released by the textile industry into water sources impede light penetration, reducing photosynthetic activity in algae and disrupting the food chain. These dyes, potential carcinogens, elevate cancer risks. This study explores the degradation of dyes using gold nanocolloids synthesized through a green, bioreduction method. The colloidal gold, characterized optically, vibrationally, structurally, and morphologically, effectively degrades methylene blue (MB) and methyl red (MR) dyes by 94% and 92%, respectively, within 30 minutes. The gold nanocolloids demonstrate efficient photocatalytic degradation, offering potential for large-scale environmental impact mitigation.
Keywords: Water pollution, Dye degradation, Gold nanocolloids, Photocatalysis, Bioreduction
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 15 January 2023
Unlock the treasure trove of Arabidopsis research with this guide to over 15 specialized databases. From TAIR's comprehensive genetic data to ASCLD's subcellular protein localization, these online hubs offer gene expression patterns, protein interactions, phosphorylation sites, and more. See Arabidopsis' circadian clock unveiled, trace signaling pathways, model plant-pathogen combat, and traverse interactome networks with Cyclebase, PathoPlant and FLAGdb++. Let gene structure visualizations in BAR thalemine and motifs unearthed by ATREA inform your research. Together these interlinked, expert-curated resources promise new discoveries in this crucial reference.
Keywords: Arabidopsis, database, genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome
Gayathri S S, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 31 December 2022
Nitriles are toxic compounds produced by industries that can persist and pollute environments. Bioremediation using microbes to degrade nitriles is an efficient, sustainable solution. This paper reviews current research on microbial nitrilase enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of nitriles into less toxic acids. It discusses nitrilase diversity across bacteria and fungi, their classification into aromatic, aliphatic and arylacetonitrilases based on substrates, and highlights novel extremophile enzymes with potential. Further studies on isolation, screening and engineering nitrilases can enhance their catalytic activity and thermostability for wider industrial applications in green synthesis of chemicals, textiles, waste treatment and bioremediation.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Nitriles, Nitrilase, Aromatic nitrilases, Aliphatic nitrilases, Arylacetonitrilases
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair.
White paper, 30 December 2022
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can transport therapeutic cargoes into cells. Click chemistry modifications enhance CPP specificity and stability for improved drug delivery. This review discusses click chemistry strategies to engineer CPPs for theranostic applications. Click reactions like copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition efficiently functionalize CPPs with targeting groups, drugs, or imaging labels. Modified CPPs demonstrate selectivity for diseased cells and enable tracking of intracellular delivery. Although click-modified CPPs show potential, in vivo efficacy and safety require further study. Overall, click chemistry innovation of CPPs may yield powerful targeted theranostics.
Keywords: Click-chemistry, Cell penetrating peptides, CPP
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 29 December 2022
Artificial intelligence is transforming healthcare through innovations in diagnosis, treatment planning, administration, and patient engagement. Machine learning analyzes big datasets to enable precision medicine and accurate predictions. Natural language processing extracts insights from unstructured clinical data. Physical and software robots automate repetitive tasks. However, ethical concerns around accountability and privacy must be addressed. Though some jobs may be displaced, AI will likely augment human skills rather than replace clinicians. AI promises better patient outcomes but requires monitoring to limit potential negative impacts.While discussing the implications of AI on the healthcare workforce and ethical considerations, the article concludes by envisioning a future where AI seamlessly collaborates with human clinicians, augmenting their capabilities and reshaping the healthcare landscape. Download now to explore the forefront of AI-driven advancements in healthcare.
Keywords: Automation, Pharmaceutical industry, Machine learning, Health care, metaanalysis, clinical data
Shilpa S
White paper, 03 December 2022
Explore the groundbreaking world of brain implants with Elon Musk's Neuralink, a neurotechnology company revolutionizing neuro computer interfaces. Musk's vision involves a specialized robot seamlessly implanting neurochips in the brain, promising quick procedures with superior functionality. The aim is not just to treat CNS illnesses but to elevate human intelligence, creating a hybridization surpassing AI. Neuralink's 2020 presentation showcased pigs with brain implants predicting joint movements, paving the way for assisting individuals with physical disabilities. The technology holds promise in healthcare, allowing communication for those with conditions like LIS. Discover the potential to influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, offering a glimpse into a future where brain implants revolutionize disease detection and treatment. Download now to delve into the forefront of neuroscience.
Keywords: Brain implant, Neural signal, Brain Machine Implant
Aswin Mohan, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 30 November 2022
Animal venoms contain bioactive peptides like cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) that can transport molecular cargoes into cells. CPPs include linear and cyclic peptides with cationic, hydrophobic and amphipathic properties enabling membrane penetration. Venoms also contain three-finger toxins like neurotoxins, cardiotoxins and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Other bioactive peptides found are disintegrins which target integrins and have anti-cancer effects, bradykinin potentiating peptides as angiotensin-converting enzyme Download now for a captivating insight into the transformative power of nature's hidden arsenal.inhibitors,Download now for a captivating insight into the transformative power of nature's hidden arsenal. and crotamine derivatives that selectively penetrate cells. These venom peptides have applications in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics and treating diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Keywords: Cell-penetrating peptides, bioactive peptides, toxins
Jyothi B Nair, Lekshmi C Nair
White paper, 27 November 2022
Kerala's rising livestock productivity has increased disease susceptibility. Veterinarians utilize clinical exams, blood, skin, milk tests and necropsies to diagnose cattle diseases like foot and mouth disease, anthrax, and tuberculosis. Specialized investigation units established at the Mannuthy Veterinary College enhance disease detection and control. Vaccination, nutrition, sanitation, testing, and record keeping prevent outbreaks. Ongoing mortality, clinical, and test result monitoring enables disease surveillance. Rapid response, analysis, and communication control outbreaks. Comprehensive, collaborative strategies between stakeholders are vital for early detection, minimized economic losses, protected public health, and productive cattle populations.
Keywords: Cattle, Diagnosis, prevalence, surveillance
Suvanish Kumar V. S.
White paper, 15 November 2022
Can we program cells to perform designated tasks? Recent advances in constructing artificial cells suggest so. From synthetic nuclei to xenobots, researchers are engineering fully-functional, life-like systems that can grow, adapt, communicate, and self-repair. Integrating AI to evolve highly optimized cell designs promises swarming biorobots tailored for real-world challenges. This futuristic technology has far-reaching potential - from revolutionary medical therapies to solving complex industrial problems. Creating such responsive, “living” microsystems that sense and integrate with their environment brings us one step closer to unraveling the mysteries of life itself.
Keywords: Biorobots, stem cells, cell differentiation, cell mobility, artificial cell, programmable cells
Thangavelu Kokulnathan, Tzyy-Jiann Wang, Thangapandian Murugesan, Allen Joseph Anthuvan, Rishi Ranjan Kumar, Faheem Ahmed, Nishat Arshi
Research Article, 08 November 2022
This study addresses the global health threat posed by pharmaceutical pollution, emphasizing the need for accurate detection methods. The research introduces a flexible electrochemical sensor using binder-free zinc oxide nanograins on carbon cloth (ZnO NGs@CC) for the quantification of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common pharmaceutical pollutant. Through extensive characterization, ZnO NGs@CC exhibits superior electrochemical performance compared to pristine carbon cloth, displaying a large oxidation current at a low over-potential. The sensor demonstrates wide sensing range, low detection limit, high sensitivity, and strong selectivity. The 3D hierarchical nanoarchitecture of ZnO NGs@CC contributes to its excellent electrochemical performance. The sensor is successfully applied to detect HCQ in biological and environmental samples, showcasing its potential for real-time monitoring.
Keywords: Zinc oxide nanograins, Electrochemical sensor, Pharmaceutical pollution, Hydroxychloroquine, Flexible electronics
Lekshmi C Nair, Jyothi B Nair.
White paper, 30 October 2022
Discover the music hidden within the molecules of life! Scientists have ingeniously translated protein structures into captivating classical melodies. Each protein's unique amino acid sequence becomes a tune mapped pitch-perfect to musical notes. These molecular compositions offer intricate variations in rhythm, harmony, and emotion. Blending science, art, and technology, this breakthrough technique aims to foster appreciation of biology's profound molecular complexity. Let these protein melodies spark your imagination and curiosity to explore the frontier where biomolecules become music. Experience the lyrical language of proteins firsthand!
Keywords: Protein music, sequence-to-protein mapping,Amino acids, Musicality.
Aswin Mohan, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 31 October 2022
The vaginal microbiome may play a pivotal role in cervical cancer proliferation, according to emerging research. While certain bacteria aid clearance of HPV—the leading cause of cervical cancer—other species correlate with increased risk. This review explores the complex bacterial equilibrium in the vagina, its interaction with host defenses, and influence on HPV persistence. Probiotics to modulate the microbiome show early promise in treating HPV, though more study is urgently needed. Ultimately, profiling the vaginal flora could enable personalized therapies to lower cancer risk by promoting protective bacteria. This insightful analysis is a must-read for researchers seeking to harness the microbiome against cervical cancer.
Keywords: Cervical cancer, Vaginal microbiome, Host defense, Probiotics
Shilpa S
White paper, 11 October 2022
The article addresses the paucity of data on human exposure to microplastics and explores their potential impact on global health. New evidence finds microplastics in human placentas, sparking health concerns. Scientists discovered 12 plastic particles in 4 of 6 healthy placentas examined. Sizes ranged from 5-10 μm, with various shapes and pigments. Potential routes of exposure include ingestion via food or household dust, then translocation from gut to circulation. Effects are uncertain but may include localized inflammation or toxicity. Further research is urgently needed, but we can reduce exposures now by phasing out single-use plastics, using non-plastic cookware, and avoiding plastic-containing cosmetics. This landmark discovery warrants policy and consumer changes to limit fetal exposures.
Keywords: Microplastics, Placenta, Pigment.
Sidharth Selvin, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 30 September 2022
The wax moth Galleria mellonella can degrade polyethylene, a widely used plastic polluting the environment. G. mellonella naturally consumes beeswax, which has a similar structure to polyethylene. Studies show that G. mellonella larvae can metabolize polyethylene without gut microbes. However, microbes like Acinetobacter sp. are also implicated in polyethylene breakdown. Additionally, salivary gland secretions of G. mellonella form holes in polyethylene. Given wax moths’ ability to survive on polyethylene, analyzing their genetic, enzymatic, and microbiomic contributions could inform biodegradation solutions for this intractable plastic.
Keywords: Galleria mellonella, PE, Gut microbiota, Long-chain hydrocarbons, Salivary glands
Gayathri S S, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 31 August 2022
Uterine fibroids are extremely common benign tumors in women that can cause severe symptoms like excessive bleeding and infertility. Their exact cause is unclear but research shows estrogens, progesterone, growth factors, and genetic factors promote their growth. Fibroids are classified by location as subserosal, intramural, or submucosal. They disrupt fertility and pregnancy besides causing heavy/painful periods. Medications can provide temporary relief but surgery like myomectomy or hysterectomy is often necessary. More research on fibroid biology is needed to develop better long-term medical treatments. Early diagnosis and awareness can prevent hysterectomies in many women. Recognizing the significance of early diagnosis in preventing severe outcomes, the article advocates for increased awareness and research to develop alternative treatments beyond hysterectomy, providing a comprehensive overview of uterine fibroids and their management.
Keywords: Leiomyomas, Estrogen, Progesterone, Growth Factors, Hysterectomy
Aswin Mohan, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 31 July 2022
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that can be fatal without treatment. Current therapeutics have limitations in toxicity, cost, and availability. Natural phytochemicals may provide affordable, accessible alternatives, especially against the zoonotic form transmitted from animal reservoirs. Anti-parasitic plant compounds could enable innovative therapies without severe side effects, transforming treatment paradigms. Further research into phytocompound-based drugs is warranted to combat this disease that puts 350 million people at risk globally. Tapping into botanical pharmacopeias could provide sustainable, effective options to curb leishmaniasis, benefiting vulnerable populations most impacted by this neglected tropical illness.
Keywords: Leishmaniasis, Treatment, protozoal disease
Thangavelu Sakthi Priya, Kirubamani Palanichamy, Shen-Ming Chen, Tse-Wei Chen, Allen Joseph Anthuvan, Jaysan Yu
Research Article, 04 July 2022
This work develops an exfoliated g-C3N4 nanosheet-modified electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection of the antibiotic furazolidone. The unique structure and properties of the 2D carbon nitride nanosheets enabled exceptional catalytic activity and conductivity for furazolidone sensing. Under optimized conditions, the sensor achieved a wide linear detection range from 0.002-224 μM and a low limit of detection of 0.0005 μM. It demonstrated strong selectivity and stability for furazolidone, and was effectively applied to spiked environmental and biological samples. The facile nanosheet fabrication and impressive sensing performance highlight the promise of 2D carbon nitride materials for electrochemical detection of contaminants.
Keywords: Two-dimensional materials, Antibacterial agent Electrocatalyst, Electrochemical sensor
Gayathri S S, Shahanas Naisam
White paper, 30 June 2022
Humble fenugreek seeds harbor surprising therapeutic potential as modern science unlocks their ancient herbal wisdom. Rich in hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-cancer compounds, fenugreek benefits diverse conditions from diabetes to gastrointestinal inflammation. Its multifaceted pharmacological profile includes flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, and mucilaginous fiber. Fenugreek slows glucose absorption, lowers cholesterol, fights malignancies, and enhances nursing milk supply, all while remaining safely consumable as a supplement. This aromatic, faded herbal remedy is proving to be a versatile player in preventative and integrative healthcare. Fenugreek inspires both culinary creativity and medical curiosity.
Keywords: Fenugreek, Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant, Integrative medicine, Phytochemicals
J. Infant, Ebenezer Thaninayagam, Gopi R.R., H. Joy Prabu, I. Johnson, Allen Joseph Anthuvan
Research Article, 14 June 2022
This study develops a silver nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor for detecting hazardous mercury ions in water. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using Trigonella foenum plant extract were cubic, crystalline, and averaged 27.24 nm. In the presence of mercury ions, these nanoparticles lose their UV-Vis absorption intensity. By leveraging this color change, the sensor enables rapid, sensitive, and specific visualization of mercury contamination. As countries grapple with mercury pollution, nano-enabled colorimetric sensors provide a crucial technology for water quality monitoring. The use of plant-derived silver nanoparticles creates a sustainable, eco-friendly mercury detection platform.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, biospace synthesis, mercury ions, colorimetric sensing, Trigonella foenum
Sidharth Selvin, Shahanas Naisam.
White paper, 31 May 2022
Our gut microbiome, the thriving community of microbes within us, wields surprising influence over autoimmune thyroid diseases. Gut bacteria help shape immune function, while micronutrients like selenium and zinc act as key fertilizers. Certain strains promote health, whereas disruptions can allow harmful bacteria to sprout like weeds. This delicate ecosystem may tip the scales towards autoimmunity or protection. Understanding the gut-thyroid connection unlocks new opportunities for prevention, using probiotics, prebiotics, and diet to cultivate a flourishing inner garden. By nurturing our microbial communities, we may one day find natural tools to bloom in health and prevent autoimmune conditions.
Keywords: Gut microbiome, Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), Microbiota-gut-axis, Probiotics, Prebiotics.
S. Viji, N. Ponpandian, C. Viswanathan
Book Chapter, 13 May 2022
Imagine tiny, single-celled algae floating in watery worlds, cloaked in intricate suits of armor built from pure silica. These are diatoms, microscopic masters of silica with incredible potential. Their secret lies in their frustules, cell walls like mosaics of glass. These boast 3D pores and unique optical properties, making them ideal for biomedicine, sensing, and energy solutions. Scientists are harnessing their power, from diatom-based sensors detecting pollutants to tiny frustules delivering drugs directly to cells. From solar cells to batteries, diatoms inspire sustainable energy advancements. This chapter dives deeper into their optical properties, thin-film deposition, and exciting applications in biological and chemical sensors. Prepare to be amazed by the power of these microscopic marvels!
Keywords: Diatoms, Frustules, Biocompatible, Sustainable, Multifunctional.
Shahanas Naisam, Viji Selvaraj, Nidhin Sreekumar
Review Paper, 04 May 2022
Peptides are the building blocks of life, found in every living thing from humans to insects. They are incredibly versatile, able to twist and turn into countless shapes to fit perfectly into targets. Their most potent weapon is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act like tiny landmines, targeting and exploding on contact with harmful bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMPs hold immense potential for fighting resistant superbugs, developing targeted therapies, and unlocking medical mysteries. So, the next time you think of microscopic life, remember the silent battle raging within. Peptides, nature's tiny titans, stand guard against countless unseen threats, safeguarding our world from the smallest of enemies.
Keywords: peptides, microbes, resistance, antimicrobial effect, therapeutic.
Gayathri S.S, Shahanas Naisam, Nidhin Sreekumar
Research Article, 01 March 2022
Researchers have discovered 3 promising natural weapons within the Simarouba glauca plant, capable of crippling a notorious cancer driver: the HER2 protein. Using cutting-edge computer simulations, we have identified three champion compounds - scopoletin, canthin-6-one-dimethoxy, and fraxidin - that bind tightly to HER2, potentially halting its harmful effects. This exciting discovery paves the way for developing natural, potentially safer cancer therapies inspired by the rainforest's wisdom. Dive deeper into this green revolution and unlock the secrets of Simarouba glauca in the full article!
Keywords: Simarouba glauca, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2, ADME properties, breast cancer.
Aswathy Udayan, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Ranjna Sirohi, Nidhin Sreekumar, Byoung-In Sang, Sung Jun Sim, Sang Hyoun Kim, Ashok Pandey
Review Paper, 23 January 2022
Facing a resource-hungry world? Microalgae might be the superhero we need! This review explores how these tiny titans can tackle two global giants: fuel shortages and malnutrition. Forget fossil fuels and land-grabbing crops. Microalgae grow lightning-fast, clean CO2, thrive in wastewater, and produce both biofuels and high-value nutrients. We'll delve into cutting-edge strategies for boosting their lipid production and unlocking their treasure trove of nutraceuticals. Ready to revolutionize energy and food security? Dive into this review and discover the future of sustainability, powered by nature's microscopic marvels!
Keywords: Microalgae, Lipids, Nutraceuticals, Biorefinery, High-value metabolites, Food and feed.
Aswathy Udayan, Nidhin Sreekumar, Muthu Arumugam
Research Article, 10 January 2022
Tired of expensive, slow microalgae growth for valuable omega-3 fatty acids? We've cracked the code! This study reveals a revolutionary, low-cost medium that skyrockets biomass production and omega-3 content in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Ditch the guesswork and time-consuming trials! Our unique optimization method pinpoints the magic ingredients for a 16.72% omega-3 boost, alongside a 893 mg/L biomass surge. Dive into this research and unlock the full potential of marine microalgae for sustainable, high-value omega-3 production!
Keywords: Microalgae, Omega 3 fatty acids, EPA, Plackett–Burman, Response surface methodology, Plant growth regulators.
Aswathy Udayan, Ranjna Sirohi, Nidhin Sreekumar, Byoung-In Sang, Sang Jun Sim
Review Paper, 23 November 2021
Microalgae produce high-value bioactive compounds, making their biomass a promising source for nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and other applications. However, cost-effective cultivation and harvesting methods are needed to increase biomass yields and reduce processing costs for commercial viability. This review discusses current advancements in microalgal cultivation systems and harvesting techniques. By efficiently fixing carbon dioxide into organic compounds, microalgae can serve as biofactories leveraging solar energy. But optimizing growth conditions and extraction processes is crucial to tap into their potential as industrial feedstocks. Advancing microalgal production and processing will enable these photosynthetic microorganisms to sustainably generate diverse metabolites and high-value products.
Keywords: Microalgae, High-value metabolites, Harvesting, Cultivation, Downstream processing.
Aswin Mohan, Shanitha Shaji, Sunitha Padmanabhan, Shahanas Naisam, Nidhin Sreekumar.
Research Article, 19 October 2021
This study computationally screens phytocompounds from Calotropis procera against the filarial nematode enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Molecular docking identified N-octanoate as the top hit based on binding affinity and ADME properties. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of N-octanoate's interaction. By targeting the parasite's detoxification pathway, N-octanoate could potentially interrupt filarial development. This in silico screening proposes N-octanoate as a natural bioactive compound for treating lymphatic filariasis, pending further in vitro and in vivo investigation. Leveraging medicinal plant compounds provides a sustainable discovery strategy against neglected tropical diseases.
Keywords: Lymphatic filariasis, Brugia malayi, Calotropis procera, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics.
Hima Vyshnavi, Aswin Mohan, Shahanas Naisam, Suvanish Kumar, Nidhin Sreekumar.
Research Article, 01 October 2021
This study computationally investigates the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to anticipate future viral evolution. Homology modeling generated mutant spike models, with 6VXX selected as the best variant based on validation. Molecular dynamics simulations assessed stability while docking estimated binding affinity with an antiviral. The 6VXX model showed stability and maintained drug interaction, providing molecular insights into viral mutations. This computational approach predicts future SARS-CoV-2 mutations, guiding development of robust therapeutics as the virus evolves.
Keywords: D614G Mutation, Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, SARS-COV-2 Virus.
Shahanas Naisam, Viji V.S., Suvanish Kumar, Nidhin Sreekumar.
Research Article, 01 October 2021
This study computationally screens quinoline analogs and designs new ligands as potential COVID-19 therapeutics targeting key viral proteins. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations assessed binding against Spike-ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Spike. A designed ligand N-[4-(3-Benzylideneazetidine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]quinoline-8-sulfonamide showed potent interaction with TMPRSS2 over chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine references. This analysis proposes an effective anti-COVID-19 compound based on in silico screening and modeling of quinoline derivatives. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is warranted to develop this hit into an antiviral for combating the ongoing pandemic.
Keywords: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Molecular Interaction Analysis, Quinoline Analogues, SARS-CoV2.
Shahanas Naisam, Vidhya V. S., Suvanish Kumar, Nidhin Sreekumar
Research Article, 01 August 2021
This study performs computational screening of phytocompounds against key SARS-CoV-2 target proteins - spike, RdR polymerase, proteases - to identify potential COVID-19 therapeutics. Molecular docking of 2314 ligands coupled with dynamics simulations validated top-ranking hits based on binding affinity and stability. Petunidin showed promise against spike protein while alions, letestuianin-A, and (+)-pinitol exhibited potent interaction with other targets. This analysis screens a large library to propose phytochemicals that could be further developed as lead antivirals against COVID-19. The presented approach leverages bioactive plant compounds and in silico modeling as an accelerated strategy to combat the ongoing pandemic.
Keywords: 3C-like Proteases, Coronavirus, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, Natural Products, Papain-Like Protease, Phytocompounds, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Protein
Hima Vyshnavi, Gayathri S. S., Shahanas Naisam, Suvanish Kumar, Nidhin Sreekumar
Research Article, 01 July 2021
This study performs in silico screening of phytochemicals, drug metabolites, and natural metabolites against the COVID-19 virus target Nsp12. Molecular docking of 2,860 compounds identified top hits based on binding affinities. Further MD simulations validated the stability of the top 10 ligands, with 3 compounds - PSID_08_LIG3, PSID_08_LIG4, and PSID_08_LIG9 - showing the most promise as potential COVID-19 antivirals. These compounds exhibited high Glide scores, favorable interactions, and stability. While further in vivo analysis is needed, this computational study proposes effective drug candidates against the COVID-19 virus by leveraging bioactive small molecules.
Keywords: ADME Analysis, Dynamic Simulation, Lipinski Filter, Molecular Docking, NSP12, SARS-CoV-2, Small Molecules, Virtual Screening
Aswathy Udayan, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Pooja Sharma, Nidhin Sreekumar, Sunil Kumar
Review Article, 17 June 2021
Microalgae have emerged as a promising source of high-value bioactive compounds for applications across food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, scaling up microalgae cultivation and ensuring product safety remain key challenges for commercialization. While microalgae are nutrient-rich and techniques exist to overcome production hurdles, more research is needed to address regulatory concerns and practical difficulties inhibiting the viability of microalgal products. This review examines the industrial potential of microalgae and the obstacles that must be navigated to fully realize microalgae's commercial prospects as a functional food and nutraceutical ingredient.
Keywords: Microalgae, Nutraceuticals, Functional foods, Commercialization, Scale-up challenges
Nidhin Sreekumar, Aswathy Udayan, Shantkriti Srinivasan
Book Chapter, 19 August 2020
Microalgae present a sustainable biotechnology solution for removing toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Through bioassimilation and biosorption, microalgae can effectively remediate water pollution. Their biomass, after lipid/protein extraction, serves as an efficient biosorbent with high potential to neutralize and adsorb heavy metal ions. By optimizing growth conditions and pretreatment methods, low-cost microalgae-based biomass can be developed for bioremediation. This eco-friendly approach harnesses the remarkable abilities of microalgae to mitigate the public health and environmental impacts of unchecked heavy metal discharge.
Keywords: Microalgae, Bioremediation, Biosorption, Heavy metals, Wastewater treatment